Novel Approaches in Attaining Plant Diversity and Conservation: An Opinion Report

 

Opinion

Mankind is facing challenges pertaining to food, energy, health, and environment, which become more intense due the effect of climate change. Plants being the primary producers of feed, food, fibre, shelter, energy, and the detriments of climate change are the basis of healthy environments and ecosystems. Plant-based systems (fungi, microbes, and insects that live on or in plants) play a vital role in addressing these challenges of food, energy, health and environment. In order to address these challenges, there is a dire need to design projects aiming at agricultural sustainability that is not only in line with ecosystem sustainability but would ultimately lead to an improved GDP and economic condition of the country [1]. One of the challenges that world faces due to population gain is of food insecurity, therefore, increase in food is crucial to alleviate food security problems. However, the monumental challenge is to realize increases in food in an environmentally responsible manner. The approaches used for this purpose must be eco-friendly and human friendly. In addition to this, the science of plant systems goes far beyond fibre and food producing crops. As a matter of fact, plants possess many more potential and actual uses, including medical, recreational, and ornamental uses. The extracts of hundreds of medicinal plants are being studied and explored having immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic, antiulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Since plant-derived compounds exhibit less side-effects; there is a shift in trend from synthetic drugs to natural compounds. Different biotechnological approaches are being used to improve plant diversity, quantity, and quality. Extensive research is being conducted on plant growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are capable of promoting plant growth by colonizing the plant root. 

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