Green Algal Pesticide–Fertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security


Opinion

World population expansion and climate change have posed greater challenges to food production. It is believed that food production would need to be raised by 100-110% in 2050, higher than the 70% expected in the current scenario [1]. As a result, more herbicides and fertilizers are being utilized in contemporary agriculture to improve crop yields. However, the frequent application of these agrochemicals offers several ecological losses and health risks [2]. The severe ecological losses and inefficiency in food production continue to confound efforts in achieving and maintaining food security [3]. Therefore, developing and exploring smart and eco-friendly strategies without compromising crop yields and food security is an exciting new futuristic research direction in this area. To date, various advanced techniques have been developed, including nanotechnology and slow and controlled release technology [4]. Smart nanoparticle (NPs) based technologies are great appeal since these strategies respond to a variety of stimuli to achieve controlled release of agrochemicals. These techniques can improve the usage efficiency of the active ingredients and minimize their application rates and overspills [5,6]. However, most of these traditional controlled–release materials have limitations owing to their single purpose application (either fertilizer or pesticide), expensive and non-biodegradable chemicals, and unsustainable supply of agrochemicals [7]. Therefore, the combination of low-cost pesticide-fertilizer, which can safely realize the integration of pest control and nutrient supply, is highly desired.


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